Trying to format a SD card that was used on a pi - so it has a small boot volume, and a larger Linux volume. Disk Utility cannot "see" the Linux volume, so the SD card (according to Disk Utility) is only 500 MB - at least the GUI version of Disk Utility. If you run it from the command line, no issues at all - this is wrong.
In my professional tech career, I saw this over and over and over. The GUI could only do so much - the real power was behind the scenes - what lousy design. Provide "advanced options", or "expert" mode, or something - or just nothing at all. I can't even remember how many utilities I just stopped using because of this. When I ended up spending all my time with remote machines, it was liberating - no more lying and useless GUI.
If it wasn't for the confusing creation of volumes in the current state of the Mac, I think I would leave the GUI version of Disk Utility alone.